The Access Initiative

El Acceso a la Información: ¡una necesidad, un derecho, una realidad!

Published: 2011

El Principio 10 de la Declaración de Río indica que el mejor modo de tratar las cuestiones ambientales es con la participación de todos los interesados, según el nivel que corresponda. Esta participación implica al menos tres aspectos: acceso adecuado a información sobre el ambiente de que dispongan las autoridades públicas; oportunidad de participar en los procesos de adopción de decisiones; y acceso efectivo a los procedimientos judiciales y administrativos.

Transcurridos casi veinte años de la Declaración, el país ha avanzado significativamente en el tratamiento legal e institucional de estos tres aspectos. Contamos con una ley orgánica que regula la obligación estatal de proveer información al público; con algunas disposiciones y jurisprudencia relacionadas con la participación de ciudadanos y colectivos en los procesos de decisión sobre temas ambientales; y con diversas disposiciones legales e innovaciones institucionales de protección judicial del ambiente. Más aún, contamos con una Constitución que ha sido celebrada como progresista en temas ambientales y en la garantía de derechos en general.

A pesar de estos esfuerzos, la participación de todos los interesados no es aún una práctica generalizada en el país en el manejo de las cuestiones ambientales. Las razones son diversas y de distinta índole.

Este manual es un esfuerzo por proveer al público una explicación breve y sencilla sobre los mecanismos disponibles en el Ecuador para ejercer el derecho de acceso a la información ambiental. Partimos de una referencia conceptual sobre qué es información ambiental y cuál es su importancia en la gestión y gobernanza ambiental. Posteriormente, abordamos el derecho de acceso a la información y la normativa vigente, para luego revisar los mecanismos de acceso a la información pública previstos en la Ley y su garantía en la Constitución vigente desde 2008.

El objetivo es presentar las principales herramientas existentes para el acceso a la información previstas en la legislación ecuatoriana y cómo hacer uso de esos mecanismos.

En la nueva Constitución del Ecuador se establecen derechos de participación para la ciudadanía, y nuevos espacios y mecanismos de participación social que permiten que, de una manera formal y legal, los ciudadanos y ciudadanas ejerzan el derecho a la vigilancia, la participación ciudadana y el control social al sector público.

En este contexto, el disponer de información clara, veraz y oportuna es fundamental. Cuando cada ciudadano está bien informado e involucrado en los problemas del país, está más empoderado para cuestionar las decisiones del gobierno y de los decidores del sector empresarial, y más capacitado para involucrarse en los procesos de cambio político y social.

Por otro lado, el reconocimiento de los derechos de la naturaleza y el buen vivir, implica que la información ambiental revista mayor importancia para el desarrollo del país, y para el ejercicio de estos derechos.

El escaso acceso y mal uso de dicha información, si bien se debe en gran medida a la falta de concienciación sobre la problemática ambiental, responde en gran parte a otros actores, como la falta de generación de información ambiental (IA) basada en las necesidades de usuarios, la incoherencia y falta de continuidad de los datos y análisis producidos por entidades del Estado y por instituciones privadas, la inexistencia de canales adecuados para producir y difundir información.

Choosing Our Future: Recap and Report

By Carrie McKee (Posted: August 28, 2012)

If you weren’t able to make it to The Access Initiative’s June 19th event in Rio de Janeiro with Fundação Getulio Vargas Rio Program on Law and Environment, the World Resources Institute (WRI), and the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), you can now catch up on all the results. The Access Initiative (TAI), together with its partners, has released the ‘Choosing Our Future’ event report with a full summary of the day and its many components.

‘Choosing Our Future’ featured speakers, workshops, and presentations involving civil society members and government representatives from around the world, celebrating recent victories and identifying next steps in the push for global environmental democracy.

The morning session highlighted improvements in environmental governance around the world, from India’s establishment of a National Green Tribunal to Moldova’s successful accession to the Aarhus Convention. The morning also saw a number of exciting commitments, including Chile and UNECLAC’s push for a regional convention on Principle 10, demands by TAI partners in Indonesia and South Africa integrated into Open Government Partnership commitments, and UNEP’s advancement of Principle 10 through its implementation of the 2010 Bali guidelines.

Afternoon working sessions offered a chance for government and CSO representatives to build a 21st century agenda on Principle 10. Each workshop addressed an aspect of access rights in environmental governance, with the goal of identifying key opportunities and challenges for the future. The working sessions produced a series of goals and recommendations to ensure effective transparency and public participation in the “next generation” of Principle 10 reform. There were 13 working sessions in total, addressing topics such as Access to Information in Africa, Capacity for Effective Public Participation, Improving Public Participation for Vulnerable Communities, and more.

‘Choosing Our Future’ provided an important opportunity for Principle 10 actors to convene on the eve of the Rio+20 Earth Summit and build a cohesive agenda for the future of environmental democracy. To read the full list of recommendations and commitments, please see the attached event report.

The June 19th Side Event of Rio+20 Conference

By Carrie McKee (Posted: July 2, 2012)

On June 19th, 2012, at Fundacao Getulio Vargas Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the event called ‘Choosing Our Future: Open and Participatory Sustainable Development Governance’ was one of the side events of Rio+20 Conference. There were several working sessions held for governments, civil society groups, and intergovernmental organizations for meeting up and discussing about assess progress and advance proposals to move Principle 10 into its next generation of reforms. TAI partners from Southeast Asia have undertaken a session namely ‘Launch of the TAI Asia Regional Report discussing’ mainly about TAI Asia publication done by a numbers of contributors from Asian countries ( Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Viet Nam, Yunnan province of China).

The Access Initiative: Rio+20 Call to Action

By Lalanath de Silva (Posted: June 21, 2012)

(French and Spanish translations in attachments)

  1. The Access Initiative is the largest global network promoting the right and ability of citizens to influence decisions about natural resources that sustain their communities – over 250 civil society organizations in over 50 countries. We work to implement Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992) by reforming laws, institutions and practices to enhance transparency, citizen engagement and accountability. Our strategy has been (a) to benchmark the performance of governments on Principle 10, (b) to assess and document the gaps in laws and practices and (c) to advocate for reforms through evidence-based advocacy. Through this process we have successfully worked with governments to improve decision-making on sustainable development and to obtain improvements in international institutions.

  2. Our Network has worked for national level governance reforms in the Rio +20 process through a global “3 Demands Campaign”, and by active participation in the formal negotiation process of the conference. We seek specific international and regional governance outcomes from the Rio +20 conference and commitments for national environmental governance reform.

  3. Our Call to world leaders, international institutions and civil society is to place governance at the center of sustainable development. In order to achieve that goal we call for:

a. World leaders to issue a clear mandate to negotiate a global convention on access to informationpublic participation and access to justice in sustainable development decision-making; b. The leaders of Latin American and Caribbean nations to commit to the negotiation of a regional convention on access to information, public participation and access to justice in decision-making on sustainable development giving effect to Principle 10; c. The leaders of UNECE nations to commit to expanding the geographical coverage of the Aarhus Convention by actively promoting signature and ratification by non-UNECE countries, and by removing barriers to such signature and ratification (e.g. Article 19(3)); d. UNEP to develop a robust program, together with other partners, to implement the 2010 Bali Guidelines on Principle 10; e. The outcome documents from the Rio+20 conference to recognize unequivocally the importance of good governance for sustainable development and to ensure that transparency, engagement of civil society and accountability mechanisms are part of the reforms of international environmental institutions.

  1. We, partners of The Access Initiative across the world, commit ourselves at Rio+20 to work towards achieving the above outcomes by 2018. We call upon all government, civil society organizations, international agencies, business and industry and individuals to join us in our commitments and efforts and to support us and our partners.

Improving Participation in International Environmental Governance         

Published: 2011

UNEP Perspectives Series

This discussion paper 1) briefly explores the rationale and principles for “public participation” in IEG; 2) reviews exemplary practice and options of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) with regard to implementing these principles and suggests a number of changes to IEG that could enable more transparent, participatory, and accountable governance; and 3) suggests that Rio +20 provides an opportunity to improve the quality of civil society participation by enabling civil society organizations not merely to observe, but also to inform, shape, and engage decisionmaking processes by securing an equal footing with states in some aspects of the IEG policy-making process; performing key governance functions that governments cannot or will not perform themselves; and amplifying the voices of people and of interests that governments may not represent adequately. In order to frame these observations in the context of Rio +20’s mandate to review progress toward sustainable development, this paper concludes by summarizing proposals across the three pillars of Principle 10 of the 1992 Rio Declaration (access to information, public participation, and access to justice).

Booklet for Tracking Freedom of Information Requests by Communities – Guide to Request Information

Published: 2011

Freedom of Information Tracking

Complex monitoring templates including online systems have been used by civil society groups all over the world to monitor and track the results of Freedom of information requests. However communities often need a simple tool to record what has happened to their Freedom of information requests once sent to government agencies. Methods to track the date of their requests, any responses by government agencies , transfer of requests and options for appeal are all important. The Indonesian Center for Environmental Law in partnership with the World Resources Institute has developed a simple tool to help community members monitor their FOI requests. The booklet was created as part of the Strengthening the Right to Information to Improve public health and the environment project (SHRIMP – EQ) funded by the Open Society Foundation.

Booklet for Tracking Freedom of Information Requests by Communities         

Published: 2011

Freedom of Information Tracking

Complex monitoring templates including online systems have been used by civil society groups all over the world to monitor and track the results of Freedom of information requests. However communities often need a simple tool to record what has happened to their Freedom of information requests once sent to government agencies. Methods to track the date of their requests, any responses by government agencies , transfer of requests and options for appeal are all important. The Indonesian Center for Environmental Law in partnership with the World Resources Institute has developed a simple tool to help community members monitor their FOI requests. The booklet was created as part of the Strengthening the Right to Information to Improve public health and the environment project (SHRIMP – EQ) funded by the Open Society Foundation.

Strengthening the Right to Information for Public Health and Environmental Quality

Published: 2011

This power point presentation describes the SHRIMP -EQ Project -Strengthening the right to information for public health and environmental quality. It features our partners Indonesia Center for Environmental Law and Thailand Environmental Institute. The project uses Freedom of information laws to obtain data on pollution control processes in relation to air and water in the two countries. It encourages governments to begin to release information proactively instead of reactively. Community groups in

Indonesia – Tubanan village, Central Java affected by the Tanjung Jati B coal Steam fired power plant ( AIR)

Pontang village, Serang, Banten. Indah Kiat Pulp and Paper (IKPP) (WATER)

Thailand – Nong Fab and Clong Num Hoo in Map ta Phut

are being capacitated to use their right to information to access information to promote accountability of government and private sector companies. Secrecy is prevelant in many countries about air and water quality data. Weak monitoring and enforcement mandates prevail. SHRIMP -EQ aims to change this dynamic and bring change on the ground to these communities.

Rio +20: The 5Q Campaign         

Published: 2011

Twelve Responding Governments

Attached you will find a full write-up of the responses from the responding governments.

Governments who responded:

  • Argentina
  • Bolivia
  • Cameroon
  • Costa Rica
  • Ecuador
  • El Salvador
  • Gabon
  • Hungary
  • Ireland
  • Latvia
  • Madagascar
  • Mexico
  • Peru
  • Thailand
  • Venezuela

Governments contacted, no response:

  • Benin
  • Chile
  • Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
  • India
  • Jamaica
  • Macedonia
  • Malawi
  • South Africa
  • Sri Lanka